Which particle has a negative charge and orbits around the nucleus of an atom?

The correct choice identifies the electron, which is a fundamental subatomic particle known for its negative charge. Electrons are located in the electron cloud, which orbits around the nucleus of an atom, playing a crucial role in chemical bonding and the electrical properties of materials. Their negative charge balances the positive charge of protons within the nucleus, maintaining the overall neutrality of atoms.

While protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus, and neutrons are neutral particles that also reside within the nucleus, they do not possess a negative charge or orbit around the nucleus. Quarks, the elementary particles that combine to form protons and neutrons, also do not exist freely in nature and are not responsible for electron-related behaviors in atoms. This distinction emphasizes the unique role and charge of electrons in atomic structure.