What system is formed by whole numbers and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division?

The system formed by whole numbers and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division is the decimal system, which is the most commonly used number system in daily life. The decimal system is based on ten digits (0 through 9) and is a base-10 system. This system is essential for performing arithmetic operations that are foundational for various applications in mathematics, science, and engineering.

While other systems like binary, hexadecimal, and octal are used in computing and specific mathematical representations, they consist of different bases. The binary system operates with two digits (0 and 1) and is predominantly utilized in digital circuits and computing, while the octal system uses eight digits (0 through 7) and the hexadecimal system employs sixteen digits (0 through 9 and A through F). These systems are not typically used for general mathematical operations or everyday calculations in the same way the decimal system is. Thus, the decimal system is the correct choice as it encapsulates the use of whole numbers along with the defined operations.