What is the conventional current flow direction?

The conventional current flow direction is defined as moving from positive to negative. This convention dates back to the early days of electricity when scientists initially hypothesized that current consisted of a flow of positive charges. Consequently, they established the direction in which electric charge flows as moving from the higher potential (positive side) to the lower potential (negative side).

In practical applications, while we know that in metallic conductors, electrons (which carry a negative charge) are the actual charge carriers and move from the negative terminal to the positive terminal, the conventional flow still follows the original definition. This perspective is essential in understanding circuit diagrams and the operation of electrical devices, as it provides a consistent framework for analyzing current flow in circuits.

Understanding the conventional current flow direction is critical for engineers and technicians when designing and troubleshooting electrical systems, helping them communicate effectively about circuit behavior and functionality.