What is a circuit called when current takes an alternate path back to the source?

A circuit where current takes an alternate path back to the source is known as a short circuit. In electrical terms, a short circuit occurs when there is an unintended low-resistance connection between two points in an electric circuit, typically the positive and negative terminals. This allows current to bypass the normal load, which can create a large amount of current flow that can lead to overheating, equipment damage, or potentially fire hazards.

In contrast to short circuits, closed circuits are complete paths with no breaks, allowing current to flow normally to the load. Open circuits interrupt the flow of current completely, preventing it from returning to its source. Series circuits consist of components connected end-to-end in a single path for current to flow. In summary, a short circuit specifically refers to the phenomenon where an alternate path is created inadvertently, allowing current to flow back to its source without following the intended circuit path.