What do semiconductors typically act as in terms of electrical conductivity?

Semiconductors are materials that have electrical conductivity between that of conductors and insulators. They are unique because their conductivity can be altered based on various factors such as temperature, light exposure, and the presence of impurities. This ability to switch between conducting and non-conducting states makes them essential in electronic devices.

The term "switchable conductors" accurately captures this characteristic, as semiconductors can effectively control the flow of electricity. Under certain conditions, they can exhibit high conductivity, akin to metals, while under others, they may behave like insulating materials, thereby allowing for the control and manipulation of electrical signals. This switchable nature is crucial for the functioning of devices like transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits.

In contrast, excellent conductors consistently allow electrical current to flow with minimal resistance, while poor conductors do not facilitate electrical flow effectively. Non-conductive materials, on the other hand, do not allow electrical current to pass through at all. Understanding the role of semiconductors as switchable conductors is fundamental to grasping how various electronic components operate.