What commonly occurs when a circuit is shorted?

When a circuit is shorted, it generally creates a path of low resistance for the current to flow, which results in an increase in current flow. According to Ohm's Law, current (I) is equal to voltage (V) divided by resistance (R). In a short circuit, the resistance drops significantly, causing the current to spike as the voltage remains constant. This high current can lead to various outcomes such as overheating, equipment damage, or tripped circuit breakers as protective measures kick in.

In this scenario, the other options are not applicable as they do not accurately represent the consequences of a short circuit. Resistance cannot be increased during a short; it actually decreases. Voltage in a short circuit typically does not decrease significantly; often, it remains the same as determined by the power source. An open circuit is not formed in a short circuit situation; instead, a direct connection is made, which allows for an unimpeded flow of electrons. Thus, the increase in current flow is the defining characteristic of a short circuit.