Before current can flow in a circuit, what must be true?

For current to flow in a circuit, it must be complete, meaning the circuit must be closed. In a closed circuit, there's a continuous path for electrons to travel from the power source, through the load, and back to the source. This allows electrical energy to be transferred efficiently, enabling devices connected to the circuit to operate.

When the circuit is closed, the voltage difference provided by the power source pushes the electric charges through the circuit, resulting in current flow. If the circuit is open, there is a break in the path which prevents the current from flowing. Similarly, having a short circuit is a specific condition that may cause an unintended low-resistance path for current, but it is not a prerequisite for normal current flow in a circuit. An incomplete circuit also signifies that current cannot flow because there is a break or gap somewhere in the loop. Thus, it is the closure of the circuit that is essential for allowing current to flow.